Be Aware of the Sahm Rule Trigger, but Don’t Panic

Recent developments in the U.S. labor market have triggered the Sahm Rule, an economic indicator known for predicting the onset of recessions. Developed by economist Claudia Sahm, this rule signals a recession when the three-month average of the national unemployment rate rises by at least 0.5 percentage points above its low from the previous 12 months. Since the unemployment rate reached 4.3% in July, the three-month moving average of the unemployment rate is at least 0.5 percent above the three-month averages from the previous 12 months. The recent calculation yields a 0.53 percentage point increase from the lowest point in the past year, officially triggering the Sahm Rule and raising concerns about an impending recession.

While this indicator has a strong track record of signaling recessions before they are officially recognized, it is important not to jump to conclusions. Economic indicators can provide valuable insights, but they are not infallible.

Another widely watched indicator of a potential recession is the inverted yield curve, which occurs when short-term interest rates are higher than long-term rates. This phenomenon has been a reliable predictor of past recessions. However, it is worth noting that the yield curve has been inverted for an extended period without a recession materializing. This prolonged inversion raises questions about its current predictive power, particularly in an environment of unprecedented monetary policy and economic disruptions, and potentially the predictive power of the Sahm Rule as well.

It is also crucial to distinguish between economic performance and stock market valuations. Currently, the U.S. stock market is trading near all-time highs, with the S&P 500’s price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio around 25x, which is well above historical averages. This divergence between the stock market and the broader economy is not unusual. Historically, stock market performance and economic activity have often moved in different directions, particularly in the short term.

SPX Index PE Ratio and Price to Sales Ratio

Source: Bloomberg, 2024