Today, we introduce the Price of Certainty: How much do you need to invest to achieve a particular set of cashflows over time, with varying degrees of certainty?

Adding cash-flow-matched bond strategies to a total return strategy appears to improve total return relative to risk by reducing the likelihood of poor outcomes.

If a retirement income plan is entirely reliant on the accuracy of its CMAs, then success is more a matter of faith than any statistically verifiable fact.

Many advisors are using longevity assumptions that are less conservative than they think.

Evidence on actual spending behavior suggests that real spending falls with age. If that’s true, people need to save less for retirement than we think.

Probability-based retirement income strategies are highly sensitive to the capital market assumptions used in Monte Carlo analysis. Seemingly small changes in those assumptions can mean the difference between projecting a comfortable lifestyle and financial ruin.